Power converting apparatus

ABSTRACT

A power converting apparatus according to an embodiment includes a controller that controls a power converter. The controller includes a first signal generator which generates switch drive signals for AC-to-DC conversion, a second signal generator which generates switch drive signals for DC-to-AC conversion, and a drive signal generator which generates, in accordance with the switch drive signals for AC-to-DC conversion and the switch drive signals for DC-to-AC conversion, switch drive signals for controlling the power converter. The first signal generator and the second signal generator operate in synchronization with each other.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure contains subject matter related to that disclosedin Japanese Priority Patent Application JP 2012-047398 filed in theJapan Patent Office on Mar. 2, 2012, the entire contents of which arehereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a power convertingapparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

A matrix converter including a plurality of bidirectional switches whichconnect individual input phases and individual output phases isavailable as a power converting apparatus. Regarding the matrixconverter, a technology for realizing a step-up function has beensuggested (for example, see International Publication No. 2006/112275).

In the matrix converter having a step-up function, reactors are providedbetween individual input phases and bidirectional switches, theinput-phase side of the reactors is short-circuited and then released bythe bidirectional switches to output a voltage higher than a powersupply voltage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A power converting apparatus according to an aspect of the embodimentsincludes a power converter and a controller. The power converterincludes a plurality of unidirectional switches which connect inputphases and output phases, and includes a plurality of switch groups eachbeing provided for one of the input phases, and a plurality of inductorscoupled to one another, each of the inductors being connected betweenone of the input phases and a corresponding one of the switch groups.The controller includes a first signal generator which generates switchdrive signals for AC-to-DC conversion, a second signal generator whichgenerates switch drive signals for DC-to-AC conversion, and a drivesignal generator which generates, in accordance with the switch drivesignals for AC-to-DC conversion and the switch drive signals forDC-to-AC conversion, switch drive signals for controlling on and off ofthe plurality of unidirectional switches. The first signal generator andthe second signal generator operate in synchronization with each other.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a powerconverting apparatus according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a three-phaseinput and three-phase output current-source inverter;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of acontroller according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a spatial vector diagram of an output side of the powerconverting apparatus according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a spatial vector diagram of an input side of the powerconverting apparatus according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a firstpulse generator according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of acontroller according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a firstpulse generator according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of acontroller according to a third embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of acontroller according to a fourth embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a zerovector fixing processor according to a fifth embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a powerconverting apparatus according to a sixth embodiment;

FIG. 13A is a diagram describing a voltage applied to terminals in anopen state on an input side and an output side; and

FIG. 13B is a diagram describing a voltage applied to terminals in anopen state on an input side and an output side.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, embodiments of a power converting apparatus disclosed bythe present application will be described in detail with reference tothe attached drawings. The present disclosure is not limited by thefollowing embodiments.

First Embodiment

First, a power converting apparatus according to a first embodiment willbe described. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example configurationof the power converting apparatus according to the first embodiment.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, a power converting apparatus 1 according tothe first embodiment is a current-source power converting apparatus, andincludes a power converter 2, a first filter 3, a second filter 4, and acontroller 5. The power converting apparatus 1 is capable of performingbidirectional power conversion between three input phases of R-phase,S-phase, and T-phase and three output phases of U-phase, V-phase, andW-phase, and is also capable of increasing and decreasing voltage.

The power converter 2 includes an R-phase input terminal T_(R), anS-phase input terminal T_(S), and a T-phase input terminal T_(T)connected to R-phase, S-phase, and T-phase as input phases,respectively, and a U-phase output terminal T_(U), a V-phase outputterminal T_(V), and a W-phase output terminal T_(W) connected toU-phase, V-phase, and W-phase as output phases, respectively. TheR-phase input terminal T_(R), the S-phase input terminal T_(S), and theT-phase input terminal T_(T) are connected to, for example, respectivephases of a three-phase alternating current (AC) power supply. TheU-phase output terminal T_(U), the V-phase output terminal T_(V), andthe W-phase output terminal T_(W) are connected to, for example,respective phases of an electric motor.

Also, the power converter 2 includes a first switching section 10, asecond switching section 20, and a third switching section 30 which areprovided between the input terminals T_(R), T_(S), and T_(T) and theoutput terminals T_(U), T_(V), and T_(W). Each of the switching sections10, 20, and 30 constitutes a current-source inverter circuit.

Each of the switching sections 10, 20, and 30 includes sixunidirectional switches and two direct current (DC) inductors. Each ofthe unidirectional switches includes a diode and a switching element. Asthe switching element, an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), ametal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), or the likeis used, for example. Instead of the diode and the switching elementincluding an IGBT, a reverse-blocking IGBT may be used.

The DC inductors are magnetically coupled to one another among the threeswitching sections 10, 20, and 30. Specifically, DC inductors 17, 27,and 37 are magnetically coupled to one another, and actually function asa single inductor element DCL1. Also, DC inductors 18, 28, and 38 aremagnetically coupled to one another, and actually function as a singleinductor element DCL2.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the polarity of induced current ofthe DC inductors 17, 18, 27, 28, 37, and 38 are represented by blackcircles. The numbers of turns of individual windings in the DC inductors17, 27, and 37 coupled to one another are equal, and the numbers ofturns of individual windings in the DC inductors 18, 28, and 38 coupledto one another are equal. Thus, among the windings of the DC inductorscoupled to one another, a current flowing in one winding can be moved toanother winding with the magnitude thereof being maintained.

The first switching section 10 is provided between the input terminalT_(R) and the output terminals T_(U), T_(V), and T_(W). The firstswitching section 10 includes a switch group composed of sixunidirectional switches 11 to 16, and two DC inductors 17 and 18. Theunidirectional switches 11 to 16 are driven by switch drive signals S1R,S4R, S3R, S6R, S5R, and S2R, respectively.

A current path from the input terminal T_(R) to the output terminalsT_(U), T_(V), and T_(W) is formed of three unidirectional switches 11,13, and 15 and the DC inductor 17. On the other hand, a current pathfrom the output terminals T_(U), T_(V), and T_(W) to the input terminalT_(R) is formed of three unidirectional switches 12, 14, and 16 and theDC inductor 18.

The second switching section 20 and the third switching section 30 havea configuration similar to that of the first switching section 10, butthe input terminal connected thereto is different. Specifically, thesecond switching section 20 is provided between the input terminal T_(S)and the output terminals T_(U), T_(V), and T_(W). The second switchingsection 20 includes a switch group composed of six unidirectionalswitches 21 to 26, and two DC inductors 27 and 28. The unidirectionalswitches 21 to 26 are driven by switch drive signals S1S, S4S, S3S, S6S,S5S, and S2S, respectively.

A current path from the input terminal T_(S) to the output terminalsT_(U), T_(V), and T_(W) is formed of three unidirectional switches 21,23, and 25 and the DC inductor 27. On the other hand, a current pathfrom the output terminals T_(U), T_(V), and T_(W) to the input terminalT_(S) is formed of three unidirectional switches 22, 24, and 26 and theDC inductor 28.

The third switching section 30 is provided between the input terminalT_(T) and the output terminals T_(U), T_(V), and T_(W). The thirdswitching section 30 includes a switch group composed of sixunidirectional switches 31 to 36, and two DC inductors 37 and 38. Theunidirectional switches 31 to 36 are driven by switch drive signals S1T,S4T, S3T, S6T, S5T, and S2T, respectively.

A current path from the input terminal T_(T) to the output terminalsT_(U), T_(V), and T_(W) is formed of three unidirectional switches 31,33, and 35 and the DC inductor 37. On the other hand, a current pathfrom the output terminals T_(U), T_(V), and T_(W) to the input terminalT_(T) is formed of three unidirectional switches 32, 34, and 36 and theDC inductor 38.

As described above, the power converter 2 includes the plurality ofunidirectional switches 11 to 16, 21 to 26, and 31 to 36 between theindividual input terminals and the individual output terminals, andthese switches are controlled by the switch drive signals S1R to S6R,S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T. The unidirectional switches 11, 13, 15, 21,23, 25, 31, 33, and 35 correspond to an example of first unidirectionalswitches, and the unidirectional switches 12, 14, 16, 22, 24, 26, 32,34, and 36 correspond to an example of second unidirectional switches.

The first filter 3 includes three capacitors 3 a to 3 c, and functionsas an input-side filter. One ends of the capacitors 3 a to 3 c areconnected to the input terminals T_(R), T_(S), and T_(T), respectively,and the other ends are connected in common.

The second filter 4 includes three capacitors 4 a to 4 c, and functionsas an output-side filter. One ends of the capacitors 4 a to 4 c areconnected to the output terminals T_(U), T_(V), and T_(W), respectively,and the other ends are connected in common.

The controller 5 generates the above-described switch drive signals S1Rto S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T, and outputs them to the powerconverter 2. The power converter 2 performs bidirectional powerconversion between the individual input terminals T_(R), T_(S), andT_(T) and the individual output terminals T_(U), T_(V), and T_(W) on thebasis of the switch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6Treceived from the controller 5.

The controller 5 generates the switch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S toS6S, and S1T to S6T serving as pulse signals, so that current constantlyflows through any one of the DC inductors 17, 27, and 37 and any one ofthe DC inductors 18, 28, and 38.

Accordingly, the power converting apparatus 1 causes a direct currentflowing in a current-source power converting apparatus in the relatedart to be pulsed, and causes a current equivalent to that in thecurrent-source power converting apparatus in the related art to flow,thereby being able to perform an operation equivalent to that of thecurrent-source power converting apparatus in the related art.Furthermore, the power converting apparatus 1 is capable of stepping upand down voltage during power conversion without being externallyprovided with a reactor and a switch.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a three-phase inputand three-phase output current-source inverter. The current-sourceinverter generates a direct current idc from an alternating current witha converter, and then converts the direct current idc to an alternatingcurrent with an inverter.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the power converter 2 includes the pluralityof unidirectional switches between the individual input terminals T_(R),T_(S), and T_(T) and the individual output terminals T_(U), T_(V), andT_(W). The control of the power converter 2 is able to be explained byconsidering separately the control of the above-described converter andthe control of the above-described inverter. That is, the control of thepower converter 2 includes the control on the current-source converterside and the control on the current-source inverter side.

The controller 5 generates switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c forAC-to-DC conversion and switch drive signals S1 i to S6 i for DC-to-ACconversion. The switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c for AC-to-DCconversion are switch drive signals on the current-source converterside, and the switch drive signals S1 i to S6 i for DC-to-AC conversionare switch drive signals on the current-source inverter side.

The controller 5 combines the switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c forAC-to-DC conversion and the switch drive signals S1 i to S6 i forDC-to-AC conversion, thereby generating the switch drive signals S1R toS6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T for controlling the power converter 2.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the controller 5 will be described indetail. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of thecontroller 5. Here, as an example, description will be given of the caseof performing AC-to-AC conversion on AC power input from the inputterminals T_(R), T_(S), and T_(T) and outputting the AC power to theoutput terminals T_(U), T_(V), and T_(W). The same control can beapplied to the opposite power flow.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the controller 5 includes a carrier signalgenerator 51, a current command generator 52, a first pulse generator53, a second pulse generator 54, and a drive signal distributor 55. Thecarrier signal generator 51 generates a carrier signal Vc and outputs itto the second pulse generator 54. The first pulse generator 53 is anexample of a first signal generator, and the second pulse generator 54is an example of a second signal generator. The drive signal distributor55 is an example of a drive signal generator.

The current command generator 52 generates a control signal for AC-to-DCconversion (hereinafter referred to as a converter control signal) andoutputs it to the first pulse generator 53. Also, the current commandgenerator 52 generates a control signal for DC-to-AC conversion(hereinafter referred to as an inverter control signal) and outputs itto the second pulse generator 54.

First, the inverter control signal will be described. The currentcommand generator 52 generates, as the inverter control signal, currentvectors Ia_(out) and Ib_(out) constituting an output current commandvector, a current phase command θ_(Iout), and a zero vector commandSz_(out), and outputs them to the second pulse generator 54.

On the basis of the inverter control signal, the second pulse generator54 generates and outputs switch drive signals S1 i to S6 i which arebased on nine current vectors Iuv, Iuw, Ivw, Ivu, Iwu, Iwv, Iuu, Ivv,and Iww illustrated in FIG. 4.

Among the nine current vectors, the current vectors Iuv, Iuw, Ivw, Ivu,Iwu, and Iwv are current vectors corresponding to currents betweendifferent output phases (hereinafter refereed to as effective vectors).For example, the effective vector Iuv is a current vector correspondingto a current between U-phase and V-phase. As illustrated in FIG. 4, theeffective vectors are classified into any one of two types: Ia vectorand Ib vector.

Among the nine current vectors, the current vectors Iuu, Ivv, and Iwware current vectors corresponding to an identical output phase, and arecurrent vectors having a zero magnitude (hereinafter referred to as zerovectors). For example, the zero vector Iuu is a current vector of zeromagnitude corresponding to U-phase.

The second pulse generator 54 generates the switch drive signals S1 i toS6 i by using one zero vector adjacent to the output current commandvector and two non-zero effective vectors Ia_(out) and Ib_(out).

The output current command vector is, for example, when a current of anoutput phase has a sinusoidal wave, a vector which rotates in the vectorspace illustrated in FIG. 4 at an angular velocity determined by acurrent frequency of the output phase. An inverter modulation factorI_(out) _(—) _(r) described below expresses a magnitude of the outputcurrent command vector which takes the value of one when the magnitudeof the output current command vector matches the radius of an inscribedcircle of the hexagon illustrated in FIG. 4.

The output durations of the current vectors used for generating theswitch drive signals S1 i to S6 i in the second pulse generator 54 aredefined as expressed by the following equations (1) to (3), inaccordance with the inverter modulation factor I_(out) _(—) _(r) and thecurrent phase command θ_(Iout) determined by the magnitude of the outputcurrent command vector and a phase.

“θ₀” represents the angle formed by the output current command vectorand the current vector Ia_(out), and “Tsi” represents a period of PWMcontrol. “T_(ia)” and “T_(ib)” represent the output durations of theeffective vectors Ia_(out) and Ib_(out), respectively. “Tz_(out)”represents the output duration of a zero vector.T _(ia) =Tsi·I _(out) _(—) _(r)·sin(π/3−θ₀)  (1)T _(ib) =Tsi·I _(out) _(—) _(r)·sin(θ₀)  (2)Tz _(out) =Tsi−T _(ia) −T _(ib)  (3)

FIG. 4 is a spatial vector diagram of the output side of the powerconverting apparatus 1. For example, in a case where the invertermodulation factor I_(out) _(—) _(r) and the current phase commandθ_(Iout) are in the state illustrated in FIG. 4, “T_(ia)” represents theoutput duration of the effective vector Iuw, and “T_(ib)” represents theoutput duration of the effective vector Iuv. “Tz_(out)” represents theoutput duration of a zero vector specified by the zero vector commandSz_(out) among the zero vectors Iuu, Ivv, and Iww.

The second pulse generator 54 generates the switch drive signals S1 i toS6 i which are based on the current vectors defined in this way, byusing pulse width modulation (PWM), and outputs them to the drive signaldistributor 55. Hereinafter, a pulse generator which generates switchdrive signals by using PWM may be referred to as a PWM pulse generator.

Also, the second pulse generator 54 generates a clock signal CLK1 whichrises or falls at the timing of switching from a zero vector to aneffective vector or at the timing of switching from an effective vectorto a zero vector. The clock signal CLK1 may also be a signal which risesor falls at the timing of switching a current vector to be used.

The first pulse generator 53 generates and outputs the switch drivesignals S1 c to S6 c for AC-to-DC conversion in synchronization with theclock signal CLK1 output from the second pulse generator 54, on thebasis of the converter control signal.

Now, the converter control signal will be described. The current commandgenerator 52 generates, as the converter control signal, current vectorsIa_(in) and Ib_(in) constituting an input current command vector, acurrent phase command θ_(Iin), and a zero vector command Sz_(in), andoutputs them to the first pulse generator 53.

On the basis of the converter control signal, the first pulse generator53 generates and outputs switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c which arebased on nine current vectors Irt, Irs, Its, Itr, Isr, Ist, Irr, Iss,and Itt illustrated in FIG. 5.

Among the nine current vectors, the current vectors Irt, Irs, Its, Itr,Isr, and Ist are effective vectors corresponding to currents betweendifferent input phases, and the current vectors Irr, Iss, and Itt arezero vectors corresponding to an identical input phase. For example, theeffective vector Irt is a current vector corresponding to a currentbetween R-phase and T-phase. The zero vector Irr is a current vector ofzero magnitude corresponding to R-phase. As illustrated in FIG. 5, theeffective vectors are classified into any one of two types: Ia_(in)vector and Ib_(in) vector.

The first pulse generator 53 generates the switch drive signals S1 c toS6 c by using one zero vector adjacent to the input current commandvector and two non-zero effective vectors Ia_(in) and Ib_(in).

The input current command vector is, for example, when a current of aninput phase has a sinusoidal wave, a vector which rotates in the vectorspace illustrated in FIG. 5 at an angular velocity determined by acurrent frequency of the input phase. A converter modulation factorI_(in) _(—) _(r) described below expresses the magnitude of the inputcurrent command vector which takes the value of one when the magnitudeof the input current command vector matches the radius of an inscribedcircle of the hexagon illustrated in FIG. 5.

The output durations of the current vectors used for generating theswitch drive signals S1 c to S6 c in the first pulse generator 53 aredefined as expressed by the following equations (4) to (6), inaccordance with the converter modulation factor I_(in) _(—) _(r) and thecurrent phase command θ_(Iin) determined by the magnitude of the inputcurrent command vector and a phase.

“θ_(i)” represents the angle formed by the input current command vectorand the current vector Ia_(in), and “Tsc” represents a control period.“T_(ca)” and “T_(cb)” represent the output durations of the effectivevectors Ia_(in) and Ib_(in), respectively. “Tz_(in)” represents theoutput duration of a zero vector.T _(ca) =Tsc·I _(in) _(—) _(r)·sin(π/3−θ_(i))  (4)T _(cb) =Tsc·I _(in) _(—) _(r)·sin(θ_(i))  (5)Tz _(in) =Tsc−T _(ca) −T _(cb)  (6)

FIG. 5 is a spatial vector diagram of the input side of the powerconverting apparatus 1. For example, in a case where the convertermodulation factor I_(in) _(—) _(r) and the current phase command θ_(Iin)are in the state illustrated in FIG. 5, “T_(ca)” represents the outputduration of the effective vector Irt, and “T_(cb)” represents the outputduration of the effective vector Irs. “Tz_(in)” represents the outputduration of a zero vector specified by the zero vector command Sz_(in)among the zero vectors Irr, Iss, and Itt.

The first pulse generator 53 generates the switch drive signals S1 c toS6 c which are based on the current vectors defined in this way, byusing ΔΣ modulation described below, and outputs them to the drivesignal distributor 55.

The drive signal distributor 55 generates the switch drive signals S1Rto S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T by calculating the logical product ofthe switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c for AC-to-DC conversion and theswitch drive signals S1 i to S6 i for DC-to-AC conversion.

Specifically, the drive signal distributor 55 generates the switch drivesignals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T by calculating logicalproduct expressed by equations (7). The drive signal distributor 55outputs the switch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6Tgenerated in this way to the power converter 2, thereby causing thepower converter 2 to perform power conversion.S1R=S4c·S1i S3R=S4c·S3i S5R=S4c·S5iS4R=S1c·S4i S6R=S1c·S6i S2R=S1c·S2iS1S=S6c·S1i S3S=S6c·S3i S5S=S6c·S5iS4S=S3c·S4i S6S=S3c·S6i S2S=S3c·S2iS1T=S2c·S1i S3T=S2c·S3i S5T=S2c·S5iS4T=S5c·S4i S6T=S5c·S6i S2T=S5c·S2i  (7)

In this way, the power converting apparatus 1 controls the powerconverter 2 by using zero vectors and effective vectors. That is, thepower converting apparatus 1 controls the power converter 2 inaccordance with a current command by using an output mode in whichunidirectional switches connecting to different output phases arecontrolled to supply current between the output phases, and ashort-circuit mode in which unidirectional switches connecting to anidentical output phase are controlled.

Here, it is assumed that, in the case of performing logical product ofthe switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c for AC-to-DC conversion and theswitch drive signals S1 i to S6 i for DC-to-AC conversion, the firstpulse generator 53 and the second pulse generator 54 are notsynchronized. In this case, the switch drive signals generated throughlogical product may be pulse signals whose duration is too short todrive the switching elements constituting the unidirectional switches.

For this reason, in the power converting apparatus 1 according to thisembodiment, the first pulse generator 53 is constituted by using a ΔΣmodulator, and the first pulse generator 53 is caused to operate insynchronization with the clock signal CLK1 generated by the second pulsegenerator 54.

This decreases the phenomenon in which the switch drive signals outputfrom the drive signal distributor 55 are pulse signals whose duration istoo short to drive the switching elements of the unidirectionalswitches. Hereinafter, a pulse generator which generates switch drivesignals by using ΔΣ modulation may be referred to as a ΔΣ modulationpulse generator.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the first pulse generator 53 will bedescribed in detail. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exampleconfiguration of the first pulse generator 53.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the first pulse generator 53 includes a ΔΣmodulator 61 and a switch selector 62. The ΔΣ modulator 61 and theswitch selector 62 perform ΔΣ modulation to generate the switch drivesignals S1 c to S6 c for AC-to-DC conversion and output them, insynchronization with the clock signal CLK1.

The ΔΣ modulator 61 generates current vectors Ia_(inz) and Ib_(inz) byperforming ΔΣ modulation on current vectors Ia_(in) and Ib_(in), andoutputs the current vectors Ia_(inz) and Ib_(inz). The ΔΣ modulator 61includes subtracters 71 a and 71 b, delay devices 72 a and 72 b, adders73 a and 73 b, quantizers 74 a and 74 b, multipliers 75 a and 75 b, anda vector selector 76.

The subtracter 71 a calculates the difference between an input and anoutput of the quantizer 74 a, and outputs the difference to the delaydevice 72 a. The delay device 72 a delays the output of the subtracter71 a by one clock term using the clock signal CLK1, and outputs theresult to the adder 73 a. The adder 73 a adds the output of the delaydevice 72 a, that is, the difference between the input and output of thequantizer 74 a before one clock term, to the current vector Ia_(in)received from the current command generator 52, and outputs the resultto the quantizer 74 a.

The multiplier 75 a performs a multiplication process on the output ofthe quantizer 74 a according to a selection signal received from thevector selector 76, and outputs the multiplication result, which is acurrent vector Ia_(inz), to the switch selector 62.

The subtracter 71 b calculates the difference between an input and anoutput of the quantizer 74 b, and outputs the difference to the delaydevice 72 b. The delay device 72 b delays the output of the subtracter71 b by one clock term using the clock signal CLK1, and outputs theresult to the adder 73 b. The adder 73 b adds the output of the delaydevice 72 b, that is, the difference between the input and output of thequantizer 74 b before one clock term, to the current vector Ib_(in)received from the current command generator 52, and outputs the resultto the quantizer 74 b.

The multiplier 75 b performs a multiplication process on the output ofthe quantizer 74 b according to a selection signal received from thevector selector 76, and outputs the multiplication result, which is acurrent vector Ib_(inz), to the switch selector 62.

The vector selector 76 compares the input of the quantizer 74 a and theinput of the quantizer 74 b, and outputs a selection signal based on thecomparison result to the multipliers 75 a and 75 b. Specifically, ifboth the inputs of the quantizer 74 a and the quantizer 74 b are smallerthan a certain threshold, the vector selector 76 outputs “0”.

If any one of the inputs of the quantizer 74 a and the quantizer 74 b islarger than or equal to the certain threshold, the vector selector 76outputs “1” to the multiplier corresponding to the current vector havingthe larger value, and outputs “0” to the multiplier corresponding to thecurrent vector having the smaller value. The certain threshold is anadjustable amount to be set, and can be set from the outside, forexample.

For example, in a case where the certain threshold is “0.5”, the inputof the quantizer 74 a is “0.3”, and the input of the quantizer 74 b is“0.4”, the vector selector 76 outputs “0” to the multipliers 75 a and 75b. In a case where the certain threshold is “0.6”, the input of thequantizer 74 a is “0.7”, and the input of the quantizer 74 b is “0.5”,the vector selector 76 outputs “1” to the multiplier 75 a and outputs“0” to the multiplier 75 b.

The switch selector 62 determines zero vectors and effective vectors onthe basis of current vectors Ia1 _(inz) and In1 _(inz), the currentphase command θ_(Iin), and the zero vector command Sz_(in). Then, theswitch selector 62 generates and outputs the switch drive signals S1 cto S6 c which are based on the current vectors determined in this way.

As described above, the first pulse generator 53 operates insynchronization with the clock signal CLK1 output from the second pulsegenerator 54. Thus, the switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c output fromthe switch selector 62 synchronize with the switch drive signals S1 i toS6 i output from the second pulse generator 54.

Accordingly, the drive signal distributor 55 generates the switch drivesignals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T by calculating logicalproduct of the switch drive signals S1 i to S6 i and the switch drivesignals S1 c to S6 c which synchronize with each other. This decreasesthe phenomenon in which the switch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S,and S1T to S6T output from the drive signal distributor 55 are pulsesignals whose duration is too short to drive the switching elements ofthe unidirectional switches.

Second Embodiment

Next, a power converting apparatus according to a second embodiment willbe described. The power converting apparatus according to the secondembodiment is different from the power converting apparatus 1 accordingto the first embodiment in that a selective harmonic elimination (SHE)modulator which operates in synchronization with a clock signal CLK1 isused as a first pulse generator. The elements corresponding to theelements in the above-described first embodiment are denoted by the samereference numerals, and the description which overlaps that of the firstembodiment is omitted as appropriate.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of acontroller of the power converting apparatus according to the secondembodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 7, a controller 5A of a powerconverting apparatus 1A according to the second embodiment includes acarrier signal generator 51, a current command generator 52A, a firstpulse generator 53A, a second pulse generator 54, and a drive signaldistributor 55. The first pulse generator 53A corresponds to an exampleof the first signal generator.

The current command generator 52A generates, as a converter controlsignal, a converter modulation factor I_(in) _(—) _(r) and a currentphase command θ_(Iin), and outputs them to the first pulse generator53A.

The first pulse generator 53A generates switch drive signals S1 c to S6c which are based on nine current vectors Irt, Irs, Its, Itr, Isr, Ist,Irr, Iss, and Itt on the basis of the converter modulation factor I_(in)_(—) _(r) and the current phase command θ_(Iin), and outputs them.

The first pulse generator 53A is a SHE modulator, and stores, in astorage provided therein, data of switch drive signals constituting aswitching pattern generating small current distortion with respect to acurrent phase command and a converter modulation factor in advance. Thefirst pulse generator 53A reads out, from the storage provided therein,the data of the switch drive signals corresponding to the convertermodulation factor I_(in) _(—) _(r) and the current phase command θ_(Iin)received from the current command generator 52A and outputs the data tothe drive signal distributor 55, in synchronization with the clocksignal CLK1.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the first pulse generator 53A will bedescribed in detail. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an exampleconfiguration of the first pulse generator 53A.

As illustrated in FIG. 8, the first pulse generator 53A includes anaddress generator 71 and a SHE pattern storage 72, and operates insynchronization with the clock signal CLK1 generated by the second pulsegenerator 54.

The address generator 71 stores address information which is decided bythe current phase command θ_(Iin) and the converter modulation factorI_(in) _(—) _(r), and outputs address information corresponding to theconverter modulation factor I_(in) _(—) _(r) and the current phasecommand θ_(Iin) received from the current command generator 52A.

The SHE pattern storage 72 stores data of the switch drive signals S1 cto S6 c which are based on the address information. The SHE patternstorage 72 reads out and outputs the data of the switch drive signals S1c to S6 c which are based on the address information received from theaddress generator 71, in synchronization with the clock signal CLK1.

The data of the switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c stored in the SHEpattern storage 72 corresponds to switch drive signals having aswitching pattern selected to reduce current distortion. For example,the number of pulses of switch drive signals to be output in a π/3period of an input voltage phase angle is predetermined, and patterns ofswitch drive signals which reduce the input current harmonics withrespect to the input voltage phase angle are stored in the form of atable in the SHE pattern storage 72. Accordingly, the switch drivesignals S1 c to S6 c for reducing distortion of an input current areselected from the SHE pattern storage 72 and are output to the drivesignal distributor 55.

In this way, the first pulse generator 53A operates in synchronizationwith the clock signal CLK1 output from the second pulse generator 54.Thus, the switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c output from the SHE patternstorage 72 synchronize with the switch drive signals S1 i to S6 i outputfrom the second pulse generator 54.

Therefore, the power converting apparatus 1A according to the secondembodiment is capable of, like the power converting apparatus 1according to the first embodiment, decreasing the phenomenon in whichthe switch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T arepulse signals whose duration is too short to drive the switchingelements of the unidirectional switches.

Third Embodiment

Next, a power converting apparatus according to a third embodiment willbe described. The power converting apparatus according to the thirdembodiment is different from the power converting apparatus 1 accordingto the first embodiment in that not only a first pulse generator butalso a second pulse generator are pulse generators which perform ΔΣmodulation. The elements corresponding to the elements in theabove-described first embodiment are denoted by the same referencenumerals, and the description which overlaps that of the firstembodiment is omitted as appropriate.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of acontroller of the power converting apparatus according to the thirdembodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 9, a controller 5B of a powerconverting apparatus 1B according to the third embodiment includes acurrent command generator 52, a first pulse generator 53, a second pulsegenerator 54B, a drive signal distributor 55, and a clock signalgenerator 56. The second pulse generator 54B corresponds to an exampleof the second signal generator.

Like the first pulse generator 53 according to the first embodiment, thesecond pulse generator 54B performs ΔΣ modulation. Specifically, thesecond pulse generator 54B includes a ΔΣ modulator which performs ΔΣmodulation on current vectors Ia_(out) and Ib_(out), and a switchselector which generates switch drive signals S1 i to S6 i in accordancewith an output of the ΔΣ modulator.

The second pulse generator 54B generates the switch drive signals S1 ito S6 i in synchronization with a clock signal CLK2 output from theclock signal generator 56. Likewise, the first pulse generator 53generates switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c in synchronization with theclock signal CLK2.

Therefore, the power converting apparatus 1B according to the thirdembodiment is capable of, like the power converting apparatus 1according to the first embodiment, decreasing the phenomenon in whichthe switch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T arepulse signals whose duration is too short to drive the switchingelements of the unidirectional switches.

Fourth Embodiment

Next, a power converting apparatus according to a fourth embodiment willbe described. The power converting apparatus according to the fourthembodiment is different from the power converting apparatus 1 accordingto the first embodiment in that a ΔΣ modulation pulse generator can beselectively applied to any one of a current-source inverter side and acurrent-source converter side. The elements corresponding to theelements in the above-described first embodiment are denoted by the samereference numerals, and the description which overlaps that of the firstembodiment is omitted as appropriate.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of acontroller of the power converting apparatus according to the fourthembodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 10, a controller 5C of a powerconverting apparatus 1C according to the fourth embodiment includes acarrier signal generator 51, a current command generator 52C, a firstpulse generator 53, a second pulse generator 54, and a drive signaldistributor 55. Furthermore, the controller 5C includes a third pulsegenerator 57, a fourth pulse generator 58, and a pulse switcher 59.

The third pulse generator 57 corresponds to an example of a third signalgenerator, and the fourth pulse generator 58 corresponds to an exampleof a fourth signal generator. The pulse switcher 59 corresponds to anexample of a signal switcher.

Like the current command generator 52 according to the first embodiment,the current command generator 52C generates and outputs a control signalfor the current-source converter side, and generates and outputs acontrol signal for the current-source inverter side. The convertercontrol signal is input to the third pulse generator 57 in addition tothe first pulse generator 53. The inverter control signal is input tothe fourth pulse generator 58 in addition to the second pulse generator54.

On the basis of the converter control signal, the third pulse generator57 generates and outputs switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c which arebased on nine current vectors Irt, Irs, Its, Itr, Isr, Ist, Irr, Iss,and Itt.

Also, the third pulse generator 57 generates a clock signal CLK1A whichrises or falls at the timing of switching from a zero vector to aneffective vector or at the timing of switching from an effective vectorto a zero vector.

The fourth pulse generator 58 includes a ΔΣ modulator and a switchselector, like the second pulse generator 54B. The fourth pulsegenerator 58 generates and outputs switch drive signals S1 i to S6 i onthe basis of the inverter control signal in synchronization with theclock signal CLK1A output from the third pulse generator 57.

The pulse switcher 59 selects the switch drive signals output from thefirst pulse generator 53 and the second pulse generator 54 or the switchdrive signals output from the third pulse generator 57 and the fourthpulse generator 58, on the basis of a pulse switch command Ssw. Thepulse switcher 59 outputs the selected switch drive signals to the drivesignal distributer 55.

For example, it is assumed that the pulse switch command Ssw output fromthe current command generator 52C is “Low”. In this case, the pulseswitcher 59 selects the switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c output fromthe first pulse generator 53 and the switch drive signals S1 i to S6 ioutput from the second pulse generator 54, and outputs them to the drivesignal distributor 55.

Also, it is assumed that the pulse switch command Ssw output from thecurrent command generator 52C is “High”. In this case, the pulseswitcher 59 selects the switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c output fromthe third pulse generator 57 and the switch drive signals S1 i to S6 ioutput from the fourth pulse generator 58, and outputs them to the drivesignal distributor 55.

In this way, in the power converting apparatus 1C according to thefourth embodiment, a PWM pulse generator can be selectively used for oneof the current-source converter side and the current-source inverterside, and a ΔΣ modulation pulse generator can be selectively used forthe other.

In a case where a ΔΣ modulation pulse generator is used for thecurrent-source inverter side, compared to a case where a PWM pulsegenerator is used for the current-source inverter side, it is difficultfor the power converting apparatus 1C to output low voltage. This isbecause the lower limit of the output voltage depends on the ratio of anoutput frequency to the minimum pulse width on the current-sourceconverter side.

In a case where the ΔΣ modulation pulse generator is synchronized with aclock signal generated by the PWM pulse generator using theabove-described method, the pulse width becomes larger than a carrierhalf-period of a PWM pulse. Thus, as in a case of the first embodimentwhere ΔΣ modulation is used on the current-source converter side, theminimum pulse width on the current-source converter side is large, andthus even a voltage of about several volts are not output in some cases.

In the power converting apparatus 1C according to the fourth embodiment,the first pulse generator 53 and the second pulse generator 54 are usedin the case of outputting a voltage of a certain value or more, whereasthe third pulse generator 57 and the fourth pulse generator 58 are usedin the case of outputting a voltage of less than the certain value.

In this way, the power converting apparatus 1C uses, in the case ofoutputting a low voltage, a PWM pulse generator on the current-sourceconverter side and a ΔΣ modulation pulse generator on the current-sourceinverter side. Accordingly, a low voltage can be output while decreasingthe phenomenon in which the switch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S,and S1T to S6T are pulse signals whose duration is too short to drivethe switching elements of the unidirectional switches.

ΔΣ modulation pulse generators are used as the first pulse generator 53and the fourth pulse generator 58 in the fourth embodiment.Alternatively, one or both of them may be a SHE modulation pulsegenerator.

Fifth Embodiment

Next, a power converting apparatus according to a fifth embodiment willbe described. The power converting apparatus according to the fifthembodiment is different from the power converting apparatus according tothe first embodiment in that a zero vector fixing processor is added tothe power converting apparatus according to the first embodiment. Theelements corresponding to the elements in the above-described firstembodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thedescription which overlaps that of the first embodiment is omitted asappropriate.

In the above-described power converting apparatus 1 according to thefirst embodiment, change in state of the drive signals S1 c to S6 c ofthe current-source converter are synchronized with change in state ofthe drive signals S1 i to S6 i of the current-source inverter, so thatswitch drive signals are not pulse signals with short durations.However, if the state of the drive signals S1 i to S6 i of thecurrent-source inverter is changed immediately after the state of thedrive signals S1 c to S6 c of the current-source converter is changed,the switch drive signals become pulse signals with short durations.Therefore, in the power converting apparatus according to the fifthembodiment, a zero vector fixing processor is introduced.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a zerovector fixing processor of the power converting apparatus according tothe fifth embodiment. The zero vector fixing processor is providedbetween the above-described drive signal distributor 55 and powerconverter 2, and is added to the controller 5 of the power convertingapparatus 1 according to the first embodiment. The zero vector fixingprocessor can also be added to the controller of the power convertingapparatus according to the second, third, or fourth embodiment. Here,the configuration of the zero vector fixing processor will be described,and description of the configuration of the other part of the controlleris omitted.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, a zero vector fixing processor 80 of thepower converting apparatus according to the fifth embodiment includes aD-latch circuit section 81 and a zero vector detector 82. The zerovector fixing processor 80 is an example of a signal processor. Here,for the convenience of description, the switch drive signals S1R to S6R,S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T output from the drive signal distributor 55are denoted by S1R* to S6R*, S1S* to S6S*, and S1T* to S6T*.

The D-latch circuit section 81 includes eighteen D-latch circuitscorresponding to the switch drive signals S1R* to S6R*, S1S* to S6S*,and S1T* to S6T*. The individual D-latch circuits latch the switch drivesignals S1R* to S6R*, S1S* to S6S*, and S1T* to S6T* when a clock signalPs (described below) output from the zero vector detector 82 is “Low”.At this time, the switch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1Tto S6T output from the zero vector fixing processor 80 are maintained ina latched state.

Thus, in a state where the clock signal Ps is “Low”, even if any of theswitch drive signals S1R* to S6R*, S1S* to S6S*, and S1T* to S6T* arechanged, the switch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6Toutput from the zero vector fixing processor 80 do not change.

The zero vector detector 82 detects that the switch drive signals S1 ito S6 i corresponding to the zero vectors Iuu, Ivv, and Iww have beenoutput from the second pulse generator 54, and then outputs a clocksignal Ps which is “Low” for a certain time width to the D-latch circuitsection 81. For example, when the switch drive signals S1 i and S4 icorresponding to the zero vector Iuu becomes “High”, which is an ONcommand, the zero vector detector 82 outputs a clock signal Ps which is“Low” for a certain time width to the D-latch circuit section 81.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, the zero vector detector 82 includes ANDcircuits 91 to 93, delay circuits 94 to 97, an OR circuit 98, and a NOTcircuit 99. The AND circuit 91 receives the switch drive signals S1 iand S4 i, and outputs a “High” signal representing detection of the zerovector Iuu when both the switch drive signals S1 i and S4 i are “High”.The AND circuit 92 outputs a “High” signal representing detection of thezero vector Iww when both the switch drive signals S3 i and S6 i are“High”. The AND circuit 93 outputs a “High” signal representingdetection of the zero vector Ivy when both the switch drive signals S2 iand S5 i are “High”.

When any of the AND circuits 91 to 93 detects a zero vector, the delaycircuits 94 to 96 and the OR circuit 98 cause a signal which is “High”for a certain period to be output from the OR circuit 98. The signaloutput from the OR circuit 98 is delayed by the delay circuit 97, isinverted by the NOT circuit 99, and is input to the individual latchcircuits of the D-latch circuit section 81.

In this way, when detecting that the current-source inverter side hasbeen brought into the state of outputting a zero vector, the zero vectorfixing processor 80 causes the D-latch circuits to hold the switch drivesignals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T. Thus, the switch drivesignals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T are held while a zerovector is being output on the inverter side.

A configuration is made so that a zero vector on the current-sourceinverter side is generated in the vicinity of a peak (maximum value) ora bottom (minimum value) of a carrier signal Vc. In the configuration,if the zero vector fixing processor 80 is not provided, it is possiblethat a zero vector on the current-source inverter side changes in thevicinity of the timing at which the carrier signal Vc has a maximum orminimum value, and the switch drive signals S1 i to S6 i change. In thiscase, it is likely that a current vector on the current-source converterside and a current vector on the current-source inverter side change insuccession at a short time interval.

On the other hand, in the power converting apparatus according to thefifth embodiment, the zero vector fixing processor 80 is provided. Thus,even if a zero vector on the current-source inverter side changes in thevicinity of the timing at which the carrier signal Vc has a maximum orminimum value, change of the zero vector is forcibly inhibited and thesame zero vector is output, and thus the switch drive signals S1R toS6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T do not change as long as thecurrent-source inverter outputs a zero vector. Therefore, a currentvector on the current-source converter side and a current vector on thecurrent-source inverter side do not change in succession at a short timeinterval. That is, the phenomenon in which the switch drive signalsoutput to the power converter 2 are pulse signals whose duration is tooshort to drive the switching elements of the unidirectional switches canbe decreased.

Description has been given of an example of the case where a ΔΣmodulation pulse generator is used on the current-source converter sideand a PWM pulse generator is used on the current-source inverter side,but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, in acase where a PWM pulse generator is used on the current-source converterside and a ΔΣ modulation pulse generator is used on the current-sourceinverter side, as in the power converting apparatus 1C according to thefourth embodiment, a zero vector on the current-source converter side isdetected on the basis of the switch drive signals S1 c to S6 c.

Also, the switch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6Tare sampled and held during a period of the zero vector on thecurrent-source converter side. Accordingly, generation of short durationpulses of about several nanoseconds, caused by a circuit delay, in theswitch drive signals S1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T can besuppressed.

Description has been given of the case where the zero vector fixingprocessor 80 is added to the power converting apparatus 1 according tothe first embodiment. However, it is of course possible to add the zerovector fixing processor 80 to the power converting apparatus 1A, 1B, or1C according to the second, third, or fourth embodiment. Also,description has been given of the case where the switch drive signalsS1R to S6R, S1S to S6S, and S1T to S6T are sampled and held. However,the switch drive signals S1 i to S6 i and the switch drive signals S1 cto S6 c may be sampled and held.

Sixth Embodiment

Next, a power converting apparatus according to a sixth embodiment willbe described. The power converting apparatus according to the sixthembodiment is different from the power converting apparatuses accordingto the above-described embodiments in that an input-phase voltagedetector, an output-phase voltage detector, and a zero vector selectorare provided in addition to the configuration of the power convertingapparatuses according to the above-described embodiments. The elementscorresponding to the elements in the above-described embodiments aredenoted by the same reference numerals, and the description whichoverlaps that of the above-described embodiments is omitted asappropriate.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of the powerconverting apparatus according to the sixth embodiment. As illustratedin FIG. 12, a power converting apparatus 1E according to the sixthembodiment includes a power converter 2, a controller 5E, an input-phasevoltage detector 6, and an output-phase voltage detector 7. In FIG. 12,illustration of the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 is omitted.

The input-phase voltage detector 6 detects instantaneous voltages ofinput phases of S-phase, R-phase, and T-phase, and outputs the detectionresult, that is, input-phase voltage detection values V_(R), V_(S), andV_(T), to the controller 5E. The input-phase voltage detection valueV_(R) is an instantaneous value of the voltage of R-phase, theinput-phase voltage detection value V_(S) is an instantaneous value ofthe voltage of S-phase, and the input-phase voltage detection valueV_(T) is an instantaneous value of the voltage of T-phase.

The output-phase voltage detector 7 detects instantaneous voltages ofoutput phases of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, and outputs thedetection result, that is, output-phase voltage detection values V_(U),V_(V), and V_(W), to the controller 5E. The output-phase voltagedetection value V_(U) is an instantaneous value of the voltage ofU-phase, the output-phase voltage detection value V_(V) is aninstantaneous value of the voltage of V-phase, and the output-phasevoltage detection value V_(W) is an instantaneous value of the voltageof W-phase.

The controller 5E includes a current command generator 52E whichincludes a zero vector selector 100. The zero vector selector 100generates, in accordance with the input-phase voltage detection valuesV_(R), V_(S), and V_(T) and the output-phase voltage detection valuesV_(U), V_(V), and V_(W), zero vector commands Sz_(in) and Sz_(out) whichsuppress an increase in voltage between terminals on the input side andoutput side whose connection is opened by corresponding unidirectionalswitches (hereinafter this voltage is referred to as open inter-terminalvoltage between the input side and the output side). The zero vectorcommand Sz_(in) is a command for specifying a zero vector on thecurrent-source converter side, and the zero vector command Sz_(out) is acommand for specifying a zero vector on the current-source inverterside. In the current command generator 52E, the configuration of theother part is the same as that of the current command generator 52.

The zero vector selector 100 selects the input-phase voltage detectionvalue whose absolute value (|V_(R)|, |V_(S)|, or |V_(T)|) is the largestamong the input-phase voltage detection values. Then, the zero vectorselector 100 outputs, as a zero vector command Sz_(in), a command forspecifying a zero vector which uses the phase corresponding to theinput-phase voltage detection value with the largest absolute value.

Also, the zero vector selector 100 detects the voltage polarity of thephase corresponding to the zero vector command Sz_(in). If the detectedvoltage polarity is positive, the zero vector selector 100 furtherselects the output-phase voltage detection value whose polarity ispositive and which is the largest among the output-phase voltagedetection values. The zero vector selector 100 outputs, as a zero vectorcommand Sz_(out), a command for specifying a zero vector which uses thephase corresponding to the selected largest output-phase voltagedetection value with positive polarity.

On the other hand, if the detected voltage polarity is negative, thezero vector selector 100 further selects the output-phase voltagedetection value whose voltage polarity is negative and which is thesmallest among the output-phase voltage detection values. The zerovector selector 100 outputs, as a zero vector command Sz_(out), acommand for specifying a zero vector which uses the phase correspondingto the detected smallest output-phase voltage detection value withnegative polarity.

The zero vector selector 100 generates the zero vector commands Sz_(in)and Sz_(out) in this way. Accordingly, an increase in openinter-terminal voltage between the input side and the output side can besuppressed.

Now, suppression of an increase in voltage between terminals will bedescribed. When zero vectors are simultaneously output from thecurrent-source converter side and the current-source inverter side, thepotential of one of the input terminals T_(R), T_(S), and T_(T) becomesequal to the potential of one of the output terminals T_(U), T_(V), andT_(W).

For example, a case where output zero vectors are a zero vector Itt onthe current-source converter side and a zero vector Iuu on thecurrent-source inverter side is discussed. In this case, the switchdrive signals S1T and S4T becomes “High”, and the unidirectionalswitches 31 and 32 are turned on. Thus, the DC inductors 37 and 38 arebrought into a current circulating state. If the winding voltages of theDC inductors 37 and 38 are zero, a state similar to a state where theinput terminal T_(T) and the output terminal T_(U) are short-circuitedoccurs.

In this case, for example, if the voltage between the input terminalT_(R) and the output terminal T_(W) is Vrt+Vuw and if Vuw and Vrt arevoltages substantially equal to each other, a very high voltage isapplied to the unidirectional switch between the input terminal T_(R)and the output terminal T_(W) in an open state, as illustrated in FIG.13A. This causes an issue about the voltage durability of a switchingelement constituting the unidirectional switch.

Even in such a case, in the power converting apparatus 1E according tothe sixth embodiment, a zero vector Iww is regarded as a zero vector onthe current-source inverter side, and all the open inter-terminalvoltages between the input side and the output side are caused to havethe same polarity, as illustrated in FIG. 13B. Thus, the openinter-terminal voltage between the terminals, for example, the inputterminal T_(R) and the output terminal T_(U), is decreased to Vrt-Vuw,and it can be suppressed that a desired voltage durability for theswitching element is much larger than the peak voltage value of input oroutput.

As illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B, among the input phases of R-phase,S-phase, and T-phase, the voltage polarity of the input phase with thelargest absolute voltage is opposite to the voltage polarities of theother input phases. Likewise, among the output phases of U-phase,V-phase, and W-phase, the voltage polarity of the output phase with thelargest absolute voltage is opposite to the voltage polarities of theother output phases. The zero vector selector 100 performs theabove-described process to cause all the open inter-terminal voltagesbetween the input side and the output side to have the same polarity.

Thus, the open inter-terminal voltage between the input side and theoutput side is a difference voltage between phase voltages of the samepolarity. Furthermore, the phase voltage between these terminals has anabsolute value that is not the largest but is the second largest orminimum among the three phases, and thus the inter-terminal voltage canbe decreased.

In a case where an output-phase voltage is low enough not to cause anissue of voltage durability, the zero vector selector 100 may generatezero vector commands Sz_(in) and Sz_(out) in accordance with a certainrule, without using the input-phase voltage detection values V_(R),V_(S), and V_(T), and the output-phase voltage detection values V_(UV)and V_(VW).

As described above, with the power converting apparatus 1E according tothe sixth embodiment, it can be suppressed that a desired voltagedurability for the switching element constituting a unidirectionalswitch in the power converter 2 is much larger than the peak voltagevalue of input or output.

In the first to sixth embodiments, description has been given ofexamples of a three-phase input and three-phase output power convertingapparatus. However, a power converting apparatus of N-phase input (N isa natural number of 2 or more) and M-phase output (M is a natural numberof 2 or more) may be employed. For example, the above-describedtechnology can be applied to a two-phase input and three-phase outputpower converting apparatus, and a two-phase input and two-phase outputpower converting apparatus.

In the first to sixth embodiments, description has been given of anexample in which the DC inductors 17, 27, and 37 coupled to one anotherand the DC inductors 18, 28, and 38 coupled to one another are provided.However, at least the DC inductors 17, 27, and 37 may be provided.

Further advantages and modifications can be easily achieved by thoseskilled in the art. Thus, a broader aspect of the present disclosure isnot limited to the specific details and representative embodimentsexpressed and described above. Therefore, various alterations can bemade without deviating from the spirit or scope of the general conceptof the present disclosure defined by the appended claims and equivalentsthereof.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that variousmodifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occurdepending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they arewithin the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A power converting apparatus comprising: a powerconverter that includes a plurality of unidirectional switches whichconnect input phases and output phases, and that includes a plurality ofswitch groups each being provided for one of the input phases, and aplurality of inductors coupled to one another such that current flowingin a winding of a first inductor of the plurality of inductors moves toa second winding in a second inductor of the plurality of inductors withthe magnitude of the current maintained, each of the inductors of theplurality of inductors being connected between one of the input phasesand a corresponding one of the switch groups; and a controller thatincludes a first signal generator which generates switch drive signalsfor AC-to-DC conversion, a second signal generator which generatesswitch drive signals for DC-to-AC conversion, and a drive signalgenerator which generates, in accordance with the switch drive signalsfor AC-to-DC conversion and the switch drive signals for DC-to-ACconversion, switch drive signals for controlling on and off of theplurality of unidirectional switches, the first signal generator and thesecond signal generator operating in synchronization with each other. 2.The power converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the firstsignal generator generates the switch drive signals by using pulse widthmodulation, and wherein the second signal generator generates the switchdrive signals by using Σmodulation.
 3. The power converting apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the first signal generator generates theswitch drive signals by using pulse width modulation, and wherein thesecond signal generator generates the switch drive signals by readingout data which is based on the switch drive signal from a storage. 4.The power converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the firstsignal generator generates the switch drive signals by using Amodulation, and wherein the second signal generator generates the switchdrive signals by using A modulation.
 5. The power converting apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the controller includes a signal processorwhich holds switch drive signals output from the drive signal generatorand outputs the switch drive signals to the plurality of unidirectionalswitches, in accordance with switch drive signals output from the firstsignal generator.
 6. The power converting apparatus according to claim1, wherein the plurality of unidirectional switches which connect theinput phases and the output phases include first unidirectional switcheswhich supply current from an input-phase side to an output-phase side,and second unidirectional switches which supply current from theoutput-phase side to the input-phase side.
 7. The power convertingapparatus according to claim 1, wherein a first group of inductors ofthe plurality of inductors are provided between the input phases andfirst unidirectional switches, and a second group of inductors of theplurality of inductors are provided between the input phases and secondunidirectional switches, the second group of inductors having oppositepolarity of induced current from the first group of inductors.
 8. Thepower converting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the controllerincludes a third signal generator which generates switch drive signalsfor AC-to-DC conversion by using Σmodulation, a fourth signal generatorwhich generates switch drive signals for DC-to-AC conversion by usingpulse width modulation, and a signal switcher which selects any one ofan output of the first signal generator and the second signal generatorand an output of the third signal generator and the fourth signalgenerator and which outputs the selected output to the drive signalgenerator, wherein the third signal generator and the fourth signalgenerator operate in synchronization with each other, and wherein thedrive signal generator generates signals for controlling on and off ofthe plurality of unidirectional switches in accordance with switch drivesignals output from the signal switcher.
 9. The power convertingapparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first signal generatorgenerates a clock signal which rises or falls in synchronization withthe pulse width modulation, and wherein the second signal generatorgenerates the switch drive signals in synchronization with the clocksignal.
 10. The power converting apparatus according to claim 2, whereinthe controller includes a signal processor which holds switch drivesignals output from the drive signal generator in a case whereunidirectional switches of an identical phase among the plurality ofunidirectional switches are to be controlled, wherein the first signalgenerator generates a clock signal which rises or falls insynchronization with a timing at which a carrier signal used for pulsewidth modulation has a maximum or minimum value, and wherein the secondsignal generator generates the switch drive signals in synchronizationwith the clock signal.
 11. The power converting apparatus according toclaim 4, wherein the controller includes a clock signal generator whichgenerates a clock signal, wherein the first signal generator generatesthe switch drive signals in synchronization with the clock signal, andwherein the second signal generator generates the switch drive signalsin synchronization with the clock signal.
 12. The power convertingapparatus according to claim 7, wherein the first group of inductors aremagnetically coupled to one another and the second group of inductorsare magnetically coupled to one another.
 13. A power convertingapparatus comprising: a power converter that includes a plurality ofunidirectional switches which connect input phases and output phases,and that includes a plurality of switch groups each being provided forone of the input phases, and a plurality of inductors coupled to oneanother such that current flowing in a winding of a first inductor ofthe plurality of inductors moves to a second winding in a secondinductor of the plurality of inductors with the magnitude of the currentmaintained, the first and second inductors being connected between oneof the input phases and a corresponding one of the switch groups; and acontroller that controls the power converter in response to a currentcommand by controlling unidirectional switches of different phases amongthe plurality of unidirectional switches and controlling unidirectionalswitches of an identical phase among the plurality of unidirectionalswitches, wherein, in a case where unidirectional switches of theidentical input phase among the plurality of unidirectional switches andunidirectional switches of the identical output phase among theplurality of unidirectional switches are simultaneously turned on, thecontroller selects an identical input phase and an identical outputphase so that a voltage polarity of the input phase matches a voltagepolarity of the output phase.
 14. The power converting apparatusaccording to claim 13, wherein the plurality of unidirectional switcheswhich connect the input phases and the output phases include firstunidirectional switches which supply current from an input-phase side toan output-phase side, and second unidirectional switches which supplycurrent from the output-phase side to the input-phase side.
 15. Thepower converting apparatus according to claim 14, wherein a first groupof inductors of the plurality of inductors are provided between theinput phases and first unidirectional switches, and a second group ofinductors of the plurality of inductors are provided between the inputphases and second unidirectional switches, the second group of inductorshaving opposite polarity of induced current from the first group ofinductors.
 16. The power converting apparatus according to claim 15,wherein the input-phase side inductors are magnetically coupled to oneanother and the output-phase side inductors are magnetically coupled toone another.
 17. A power converting apparatus comprising: a powerconverter that includes a plurality of unidirectional switches whichconnect input phases and output phases, and that includes a plurality ofswitch groups each being provided for one of the input phases, and aplurality of inductors coupled to one another, each of the inductorsbeing connected between one of the input phases and a corresponding oneof the switch groups; and a controller that includes a first signalgenerator which generates switch drive signals for AC-to-DC conversion,a second signal generator which generates switch drive signals forDC-to-AC conversion, and a drive signal generator which generates, inaccordance with the switch drive signals for AC-to-DC conversion and theswitch drive signals for DC-to-AC conversion, switch drive signals forcontrolling on and off of the plurality of unidirectional switches, thefirst signal generator and the second signal generator operating insynchronization with each other, wherein the plurality of unidirectionalswitches which connect the input phases and the output phases includefirst unidirectional switches which supply current from an input-phaseside to an output-phase side, and second unidirectional switches whichsupply current from the output-phase side to the input-phase side,wherein first inductors of the plurality of inductors are providedbetween the input phases and the first unidirectional switches, andsecond inductors of the plurality of inductors are provided between theinput phases and the second unidirectional switches, the secondinductors having opposite polarity of induced current from the firstinductors, and wherein the first inductors are magnetically coupled toone another and the output-phase side second inductors are magneticallycoupled to one another.
 18. A power converting apparatus comprising: apower converter that includes a plurality of unidirectional switcheswhich connect input phases and output phases, and that includes aplurality of switch groups each being provided for one of the inputphases, and a plurality of inductors coupled to one another, each of theinductors being connected between one of the input phases and acorresponding one of the switch groups; and a controller that controlsthe power converter in response to a current command by controllingunidirectional switches of different phases among the plurality ofunidirectional switches and controlling unidirectional switches of anidentical phase among the plurality of unidirectional switches, wherein,in a case where unidirectional switches of the identical input phaseamong the plurality of unidirectional switches and unidirectionalswitches of the identical output phase among the plurality ofunidirectional switches are simultaneously turned on, the controllerselects an identical input phase and an identical output phase so that avoltage polarity of the input phase matches a voltage polarity of theoutput phase, wherein the plurality of unidirectional switches whichconnect the input phases and the output phases include firstunidirectional switches which supply current from an input-phase side toan output-phase side, and second unidirectional switches which supplycurrent from the output-phase side to the input-phase side, whereinfirst inductors are provided between the input phases and the firstunidirectional switches, and second inductors are provided between theinput phases and the second unidirectional switches, the secondinductors having opposite polarity of induced current from the firstinductors, and wherein the first inductors are magnetically coupled toone another and the second inductors are magnetically coupled to oneanother.